Kardashev index
0.447
Based on primary energy power · Type I = 1
AccelerationFour-dimensional view3,226 years agoIron, Alphabets and Coinage
1200 BCE
The Iron Age
From around 1200 BC, ironworking spread and iron gradually replaced bronze.
Art style · Shang–Zhou bronze vessel motifs
Origin of Life on EarthDinosaurs and MammalsAI Agents
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Civilization metrics
Each sparkline shows the documented history of a metric on a logarithmic time axis. The dot marks the selected moment.
102Mpeople
1/82 of today
3×10¹⁰W
1/685 of today
—
No reliable data yet · data begins 1945
—
No reliable data yet · data begins 1620
54km/h
1/734 of today
Near this moment
The eight closest milestones. Select a title to jump there.
Completed around 2560 BC, it remained the tallest human-made structure for more than 3,700 years. Source
A written Babylonian law code carved on a stone stele, around 1753 BC. Source
From around 1200 BC, ironworking spread and iron gradually replaced bronze. Source
A handful of letters could record speech sounds; it later gave rise to the Greek, Latin and other alphabets. Source
Around 600 BC, electrum coins appeared in Lydia, while China was already casting bronze spade money. Source
Euclid derived theorems from axioms, setting the model for deductive reasoning. Source
Water-driven wheels appear in the writings of the Greek engineer Philo, around the 3rd century BC. Source
A geared device from the 2nd century BC that predicted celestial events; it is the oldest known analog computer. Source
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Scenes across eras
Each era illustrated in its own style.
Every timeline entry cites its source. Metrics interpolate logarithmically between sourced data points. Forecasts include institutional and community views, and attributed site scenarios; years are not guaranteed realization dates. Illustrations are AI-generated in each era's style.