Import AI 459: why AI regulation is hard, scaling laws for protein-folding models, and pricing extinction risk from AI systems
Import AI 459: AI oversight is difficult; scaling laws for protein folding models; and pricing the extinction risk of AI systems
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Import AI 459 discusses the difficulty of AI regulation, scaling laws for protein-folding models, and how to price extinction risks from AI systems. Economists at the University of Virginia, Anthropic, and the Bank of Canada estimate that nominal U.S. AI GDP was about $250 billion in 2025, with quality-adjusted real annual growth of about 2,600%. U.S. AI compute spending rose from $37 billion in 2023 to $219 billion in 2025, while compute capacity grew by more than 200% annually.
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