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ResearchGoogle Research·· 2026-04-03

Google Research evaluates how closely LLM behavioral tendencies align with humans

Evaluating alignment of behavioral dispositions in LLMs

What happened

Google Research proposes a framework using situational judgment tests (SJTs), adapted from psychology scales, to assess how closely LLM behavioral tendencies align with human consensus across four traits including empathy and emotional regulation. A large-scale analysis of 25 LLMs finds two kinds of gap: models' tendencies can diverge from annotator consensus, and models may fail to cover the range of human opinions when there is no consensus. Small models under 120B and frontier closed models align nearly perfectly when humans unanimously agree, but alignment levels off just above 80% when consensus is below 90%.

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